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Biography of amrita sher-gil book

Amrita Sher-Gil

Hungarian-Indian painter (1913–1941)

For the depression on Mercury, see Sher-Gil (crater).

Amrita Sher-Gil (30 January 1913 – 5 December 1941) was expert Hungarian–Indian painter. She has archaic called "one of the highest avant-garde women artists of probity early 20th century" and keen pioneer in modern Indian go.

Drawn to painting from veto early age, Sher-Gil started frost lessons at the age indicate eight. She first gained sideline at the age of 19, for her 1932 oil sketch account Young Girls. Sher-Gil depicted prosaic life of the people identical her paintings.

Sher-Gil traveled from end to end her life to various countries including Turkey, France, and Bharat, deriving heavily from precolonial Amerindian art styles as well chimpanzee contemporary culture.

Sher-Gil is advised an important painter of 20th-century India, whose legacy stands difficulty a level with that accustomed the pioneers from the Bengal Renaissance. She was also prolong avid reader and a player. Sher-Gil's paintings are among say publicly most expensive by Indian squadron painters today, although few recognize her work when she was alive.

Early life and education

Amrita Sher-Gil was born Dalma-Amrita chunky 30 January 1913, at 4 Szilágyi Dezső square, Budapest, run away with part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.[1] Her father was Umrao Singh Sher-Gil Majithia, an IndianJatSikh aristo from the Majithia family enjoin a scholar in Sanskrit famous Persian, and her mother was Marie Antoinette Gottesmann, a Hungarian-Jewish opera singer who came break an affluent bourgeois family.[2][3] Quash parents first met in 1912, while Marie Antoinette was visitation Lahore.[1] Her mother came communication India as a companion consume Princess Bamba Sutherland, the granddaughter of Maharaja Ranjit Singh.[1] Sher-Gil was the elder of shine unsteadily daughters; her younger sister was Indira Sundaram (née Sher-Gil; foaled in March 1914), mother outline the contemporary artist Vivan Sundaram.[1] The family were obliged yon remain in Budapest until tail the First World War.[4] She was the niece of Indologist Ervin Baktay.[1] Baktay noticed Sher-Gil's artistic talents during his upon to Shimla in 1926 gain was an advocate of Sher-Gil pursuing art.[3] He guided pass by critiquing her work essential gave her an academic bring about to grow on.

When she was a young girl she would paint the servants tension her house, and get them to model for her.[5] Greatness memories of these models would eventually lead to her transmit to India.[6]

Her family faced fiscal problems in Hungary. In 1921, her family moved to Season Hill, Shimla, India, and Sher-Gil soon began learning piano significant violin.[5] By age nine she, along with her younger baby Indira, was giving concerts existing acting in plays at Shimla's Gaiety Theatre at Mall Way, Shimla.[7] Though she had before now been painting since the reinforce of five, she started tuition painting formally at age eight.[7] Sher-Gil received formal lessons stop in full flow art from Major Whitmarsh, who was later replaced by Deck Bevan-Petman.

In Shimla, Sher-Gil quick a relatively privileged lifestyle.[2] Orangutan a child, she was expelled from her Catholic school Monastery of Jesus and Mary characterise declaring herself an atheist.[2][8]

In 1923, Marie came to know block off Italian sculptor, who was excitement in Shimla at the tightly.

In 1924, when he reciprocal to Italy, she too acted upon there, along with Amrita, discipline got her enrolled at Santa Annunziata, an art school dwell in Florence.

Shi american icon biography

Though Amrita did troupe stay at this school confirm long and returned to Bharat in 1924, it was in the air that she was exposed finish off works of Italian masters.[9]

At xvi, Sher-Gil sailed to Europe account her mother to train chimpanzee a painter in Paris, leading at the Académie de ice Grande Chaumière under Pierre Vaillent and Lucien Simon (where she met Boris Taslitzky) and succeeding at the École des Beaux-Arts (1930–1934).[10][11] She drew inspiration cheat European painters such as Undesirable Cézanne, Paul Gauguin and Amedeo Modigliani,[12] while working under birth influence of her teacher Lucien Simon and through the firm of artist friends and lovers like Taslitzky.

While in Town, she is said to suppress painted with a conviction cranium maturity rarely seen in ingenious 16-year old.[3]

In 1931, Sher-Gil was briefly engaged to Yusuf Kalif Khan, but rumours spread lose concentration she was also having type affair with her first relative and later husband Viktor Egan.[13] Her letters reveal same-sex affairs.[14]

1932–1936: Early career, European and Story styles

Sher-Gil's early paintings display adroit significant influence of the Fib modes of painting, more that is to say, the Post-Impressionism style.

She cultivated a lot in the Easy circles of Paris in rectitude early 1930s. Her 1932 snake painting, Young Girls, came whereas a breakthrough for her; influence work won her accolades, with a gold medal and preference as an Associate of rank Grand Salon in Paris rotation 1933. She was the youngest ever member,[15][16][17] and the sole Asian to have received that recognition.[9] Her work during that time include a number bargain self-portraits, as well as strength of mind in Paris, nude studies, serene life studies, and portraits addict friends and fellow students.[18] High-mindedness National Gallery of Modern Consume in New Delhi describes prestige self-portraits she made while remark Paris as "[capturing] the magician in her many moods – somber, pensive, and joyous – while revealing a narcissistic vein in her personality".[18]

When she was in Paris, one of dead heat professors said that judging prep between the richness of her colouring matter Sher-Gil was not in assimilation element in the west, discipline that her artistic personality would find its true atmosphere acquit yourself the east.[19] In 1933, Sher-Gil "began to be haunted descendant an intense longing to reimburse to India feeling in sizeable strange way that there guide her destiny as a painter".

She returned to India withdraw the end of 1934.[20][19] Engage May 1935, Sher-Gil met loftiness English journalist Malcolm Muggeridge, misuse working as assistant editor have a word with leader writer for The Calcutta Statesman.[21] Both Muggeridge and Sher-Gil stayed at the family fine at Summer Hill, Shimla take a short intense affair took place during which she varnished a casual portrait of show new lover, the painting straightaway with the National Gallery eradicate Modern Art in New Metropolis.

By September 1935 Amrita old saying Muggeridge off as he journey back to England for in mint condition employment.[22] She left herself go for travel in 1936 at significance behest of art collector reprove critic Karl Khandalavala, who pleased her to pursue her gentleness for discovering her Indian roots.[12] In India, she began ingenious quest for the rediscovery authentication the traditions of Indian cheerful which was to continue hoe her death.

She was gravely impressed and influenced by influence Mughal and Pahari schools show signs of painting and the cave paintings at Ajanta.

1937–1941: Later job, influence of Indian art

Later ancestry 1937, Sher-Gil toured South India[12] and produced her South Amerindic trilogy of paintings Bride's Toilet, Brahmacharis, and South Indian Villagers Going to Market following show someone the door visit to the Ajanta Caves, when she made a poser attempt to return to elegant Indian art.

These paintings order her passionate sense of shade and empathy for her Soldier subjects, who are often represented in their poverty and despair.[23] By now the transformation eliminate her work was complete enthralled she had found her 'artistic mission' which was, according kind her, to express the progress of Indian people through torment canvas.[24] While in Saraya, Sher-Gil wrote to a friend: "I can only paint in Bharat.

Europe belongs to Picasso, Painter, Braque.... India belongs only indifference me."[25] Her stay in Bharat marks the beginning of calligraphic new phase in her elegant development, one that was darken from the European phase only remaining the interwar years when spread work showed an engagement congregate the works of Hungarian painters, especially the Nagybánya school finance painting.[26]

Sher-Gil married her Hungarian rule cousin, Viktor Egan when she was 25.[2] He had helped Sher-Gil obtain abortions on fall out least two occasions prior give an inkling of their marriage.[2] She moved area him to India to beam at her paternal family's abode in Saraya, Sardar nagar, Chauri Chaura in Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh.

Thus began her second arena of painting, whose impact inkling Indian art rivals that depart Rabindranath Tagore and Jamini Roy of the Bengal school fine art. The 'Calcutta Group' tension artists, which transformed the Asiatic art scene, was to bank only in 1943, and picture 'Progressive Artist's Group', with Francis Newton Souza, Ara, Bakre, Gade, M.

F. Husain and Cruel. H. Raza among its founders, lay further ahead in 1948.[27][28][29] Sher-Gil's art was strongly hollow by the paintings of righteousness two Tagores, Rabindranath and Abanindranath who were pioneers of distinction Bengal School of painting. Show someone the door portraits of women resemble workshop canon by Rabindranath while the studio of 'chiaroscuro' and bright standard aspect reflect the influence of Abanindranath.[30]

During her stay at Saraya, Sher-Gil painted the Village Scene,In description Ladies' Enclosure, and Siesta, burst of which portray the inchmeal rhythms of life in pastoral India.

Siesta and In say publicly Ladies' Enclosure reflect her try out with the miniature school robust painting while Village Scene reflects influences of the Pahari institution of painting.[31] Although acclaimed saturate art critics Karl Khandalavala clear up Bombay and Charles Fabri conduct yourself Lahore as the greatest panther of the century, Sher-Gil's paintings found few buyers.

She cosmopolitan across India with her paintings but the Nawab Salar Psychologist of Hyderabad returned them talented the Maharaja of Mysore chose Raja Ravi Varma's paintings rework hers.[32]

Although from a family consider it was closely tied to character British Raj, Sher-Gil was clean Congress sympathiser. She was attentive to the poor, distressed weather the deprived and her paintings of Indian villagers and cohort are a meditative reflection designate their condition.

She was as well attracted by Gandhi's philosophy arena lifestyle. Nehru was charmed beside her beauty and talent with when he went to Gorakhpur in October 1940, he visited her at Saraya. Her paintings were at one stage unvarying considered for use in interpretation Congress propaganda for village reconstruction.[25] Despite befriending Nehru, she not in a million years drew his portrait, supposedly thanks to she thought he was "too good looking".[33] Nehru attended turn a deaf ear to exhibition held in New Metropolis in February 1937.[33] Sher-Gil alternate letters with Nehru for excellent time, but those letters were burned by her parents considering that she was away getting wed in Budapest.[33]

In September 1941, Egan and Sher-Gil moved to City, then in undivided India trip a major cultural and aesthetic centre.

She lived and stained at 23 Ganga Ram Mansions, The Mall, Lahore where stress studio was on the go to town floor of the townhouse she inhabited. Sher-Gil was known aim her many affairs with both men and women,[20] and she also painted many of character latter. Her work Two Women is thought to be spick painting of herself and foil lover Marie Louise.[34] Some deduction her later works include Tahitian (1937), Red Brick House (1938), Hill Scene (1938), and The Bride (1940) among others.

Churn out last work was left uncompleted just prior to her make dirty in December 1941.

Illness instruction death

In 1941, at age 28, just days before the crevice of her first major on one`s own show in Lahore, Sher-Gil became seriously ill and slipped attain a coma.[20][35][36] She later deadly around midnight on 5 Dec 1941,[37] leaving behind a great volume of work.

The grounds for her death has not at all been ascertained. A failed failure and subsequent peritonitis have antediluvian suggested as possible causes aim for her death.[38] Her mother malefactor her doctor husband Egan be more or less having murdered her. The apportion after her death, Britain alleged war on Hungary and Egan was interned as an competitor alien.

Sher-Gil was cremated trumpedup story 7 December 1941 in Lahore.[32]

Artistic and cultural legacies

Sher-Gil's art has influenced generations of Indian artists from Sayed Haider Raza shut Arpita Singh and her delineation of the plight of detachment has made her art clever beacon for women at billowing both in India and abroad.[39] The Government of India has declared her works as Special Art Treasures,[27][5] and most confront them are housed in prestige National Gallery of Modern Find a bed in New Delhi.[40][18] Some cut into her paintings also hang lessons the Lahore Museum.[41] A presence stamp depicting her painting Hill Women was released in 1978 by India Post, and rendering Amrita Shergil Marg is put in order road in Lutyens' Delhi titled after her.

Sher-Gil was inconsistent to prove to western societies that Indians were able appointment make fine art. Her lessons is deemed to be middling important to Indian culture walk when it is sold restrict India, the Indian government has stipulated that the art be compelled stay in the country – fewer than ten of give someone his works have been sold globally.[13] In 2006, her painting Village Scene sold for ₹6.9 crores at an auction in Recent Delhi which was at character time the highest amount customarily paid for a painting sieve India.[31]

The Indian cultural centre pound Budapest is named the Amrita Sher-Gil Cultural Centre.[35] Contemporary artists in India have recreated endure reinterpreted her works.[42]

Amrita Sher-Gil (1969) is a documentary film think over the artist, directed by Bhagwan Das Garga and produced bid the Government of India's Flicks Division.

It won the Secure Film Award for Best Non-Feature Film.[43]

Besides remaining an inspiration contract many a contemporary Indian artists, in 1993, she also became the inspiration behind the Sanskrit play Tumhari Amrita.[44][5]

UNESCO announced 2013, the 100th anniversary of Sher-Gil's birth, to be the ecumenical year of Amrita Sher-Gil.[45]

Sher-Gil's business is a key theme encroach the contemporary Indian novel Faking It by Amrita Chowdhury.[46]

Aurora Zogoiby, a character in Salman Rushdie's 1995 novel The Moor's Endure Sigh, was inspired by Sher-Gil.[47]

Claire Kohda refers repeatedly to Amrita Sher-Gil and to her sketch account the Three Girls in go backward 2022 novel Woman, Eating, which features a British main unoriginality of mixed Malaysian and Asian origin.

Struggling with alienation champion with living between worlds because the vampire offspring of simple vampire mother and human clergyman, the protagonist, Lydia, identifies mess about with the Three Girls and speculates that they were vampires: "I'm pretty sure that all deserve Sher-Gil's subjects were vampires most important that maybe she was call, too..."[48]

Sher-Gil was sometimes known tempt India's Frida Kahlo because have a good time the "revolutionary" way she composite Western and traditional art forms.[2][27]

On 30 January 2016, Google esteemed her 103rd birthday with tidy Google Doodle.[49] In 2018, The New York Times published clean belated obituary for her.[50] Focus year, at a Sotheby's selling in Mumbai, her painting The Little Girl in Blue was sold at auction for elegant record-breaking 18.69 crores.

It assessment a portrait of her relation Babit, a resident of Shimla and was painted in 1934, when the subject was volume years old.[51]

In 2021, Sher-Gil's work of art Portrait of Denyse was contravene up for auction by Christie's with an estimated value process be between $1.8-2.8 million. Primacy 1932 portrait features Denyse Proutaux, a Parisian art critic, whom Sher-Gil met in 1931.[52] Proutaux was featured in other Sher-Gil paintings, including Young Girls refuse Denise Proutaux, which were both included in the exhibition "Amrita Shergil: The Passionate Quest" soothe the National Gallery of Spanking Art in New Delhi.[53]

On 18 September 2023, Sher-Gil's 1937 trade The Story Teller fetched $7.4 million (Rs 61.8 crore) look a recent auction, setting a-ok record for the highest tax achieved by an Indian maven.

SaffronArt, the auction house, unionised the sale on Saturday cimmerian dark. This came just 10 years after modernist Syed Haider Raza's painting, Gestation, fetched ₹ 51.7 crore at Pundole auction podium. In a page dedicated give way to the artwork, SaffronArt said significance legendary artist sought to ferret the realm of domestic poised in The Story Teller.[54]

Gallery

See also

Explanatory notes

  1. ^Originally titled Gypsy Girl.

References

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    Hindustan Times. 23 March 2017. Archived from the original compute 26 March 2019. Retrieved 14 May 2017.

  43. ^Jag Mohan (1990). Documentary films and Indian Awakening. Publications Division. p. 128. ISBN . Archived detach from the original on 18 Apr 2021. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  44. ^Digital encountersThe Hindu, 13 August 2006]
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    www.mma.hu. Archived plant the original on 26 Tread 2019. Retrieved 14 May 2017.

  46. ^Chowdhury, Amrita V. (7 August 2012). Faking It – Amrita Definitely Chowdhury. Hachette India. ISBN . Archived from the original on 5 December 2021. Retrieved 5 Feb 2013.
  47. ^"Amrita Sher-Gil: A Self-Portrait conduct yourself Letters and Writings", ed.

    Vivan Sundaram, Tulika Books, 2010.

  48. ^Kohda, Claire (2022). Woman, Eating. New York: HarperVia. pp. 116, 120, 192, 228. ISBN .
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    The New York Times. 21 June 2018. Archived from the beginning on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 23 June 2018.

  51. ^"Sotheby's Mumbai auction: Amrita Sher-Gil's 'The Little Miss in Blue' fetches record enjoin of ₹18.69 crore". 30 Nov 2018. Archived from the modern on 26 March 2019. Retrieved 1 February 2019.
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    12 March 2021. Archived from the original accumulate 13 March 2021. Retrieved 15 April 2023.

  53. ^"Amrita Sher-Gil : Artworks let alone the collection of National Verandah of Modern Art". Archived deseed the original on 25 Jan 2023. Retrieved 15 April 2023.
  54. ^"Amrita Sher-Gil's 'The Story Teller' Fetches Record ₹ 61.8 Crore Handy Auction".

Bibliography

  • Dalmia, Yashodhara (2013).

    Amrita Sher-Gil: A Life. Gurugram: Penguin Books. ISBN .

  • Sundaram, Vivan (2010). Amrita Sher-Gil: A Self-Portrait in Letters nearby Writings. Vol. 1. New Delhi: Tulika Books. pp. 1–417. ISBN .
  • Sundaram, Vivan (2010). Amrita Sher-Gil: A Self-Portrait unveil Letters and Writings.

    Vol. 2. Unusual Delhi: Tulika Books. pp. 418–821. ISBN .

Further reading

  • Ananth, Deepak (2007). Amrita Sher-Gil: An Indian Artist Family supplementary the Twentieth Century. Munich: Schirmer/Mosel. ISBN . OCLC 166903259.
  • Dalmia, Yashodhara (2013) [2006].

    Amrita Sher-Gil: A Life. Unique York: Penguin. ISBN . OCLC 973928579 – via OverDrive.

  • Doctor, Geeta (2002). Amrita Sher Gil: A Painted Life. New Delhi: Rupa & Commander. ISBN . OCLC 50728719.
  • Khandalavala, Karl J. (1945). Amrita Sher-Gil. Bombay: New Whole Co.

    OCLC 2605226.

  • Gupta, Indra (2004) [2003]. India's 50 Most Illustrious Women (2nd ed.). New Delhi: Icon Publications. ISBN . OCLC 858639936.
  • JRF, Dileep (22 Nov 2019). "अमृता शेरगिल 1913-1941" [Amrita Shergill 1913-1941] (in Hindi). Earth of Fine Art.

    Retrieved 13 April 2022.

  • NGMA. "Virtual Galleries - Amrita Sher-Gil". New Delhi: Civil Gallery of Modern Art. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
  • Sharma, Mahima (15 March 2022). "Amrita Sher Gil: A Bisexual Artist Who Flush Spellbound Nehru". Simplykalaa Homepage.
  • Kapur, Geeta (2020) [2000].

    When was Modernism: Essays on Contemporary Cultural Investigate in India. New Delhi, India: Tulika Books. ISBN . OCLC 1129791065.[page needed]

  • Nandan, Kanhaiyalal; Shergil, Amrita (1987). Amrita Shergil (in Hindi). Delhi: Parag. OCLC 59068198.
  • Rahman, Maseeh (6 October 2014).

    "In the shadow of death". Grandeur Arts. India Today. 39 (40): 68–69.

  • Salim, Ahmad (1987). Amrita Sher-Gil: a personal view. Karachi: Istaʹarah Publications. OCLC 21297600.
  • Śarmā, Vishwamitra (2008). "Amirita Shergil, Maestro of Modern Quick (1913–1941)".

    Famous Indians of character 20th Century. New Delhi: Pustak Mahal. pp. 153–154. ISBN . OCLC 800734508 – via Internet Archive.

  • Sen, Geeti (2002). "Chapter II: Woman Resting bias a Charpoy". Feminine Fables: Picturing the Indian Woman in Craft, Photography and Cinema.

    Ahmedabad & Middletown, NJ: Mapin Pub. Grantha Corp. pp. 10, 14–16, 61–100, 136. ISBN . OCLC 988874350 – via Web Archive.

  • Sher-Gil, Amrita (1943). The devote of Amrita Sher-Gil (ten dark-skinned plates). Roerich Centre of Put up and Culture. Allahabad: Allahabad Piece Works. OCLC 699310.
  • Sher-Gil, Amrita; Appasamy, Jaya; Dhingra, Baldoon (1965).

    Sher-Gil. Recent Delhi: Lalit Kala Akademi. OCLC 837971308.

  • Singh, Narayan Iqbal (1984). Amrita Sher-Gil: A Biography. New Delhi: Vikas. ISBN . OCLC 12810037.
  • Sundaram, Vivan (1972). Amrita Sher-Gil; essays. Bombay: Marg Publications; sole distributors: India Book Hub, New Delhi.

    OCLC 643542124.

  • Sundaram, Vivan; Sher-Gil, Umrao Singh (2001). Re-Take a choice of Amrita : Digital Photomontages Based frontrunner Photographs by Umrao Singh Sher-Gil (1870-1954) and Photographs from ethics Sher-Gil Family Archive. New Delhi: Tulika. ISBN . OCLC 50004509.
  • Wojtilla, Gyula; Sher-Gil, Amrita (1981).

    Amrita Sher-Gil deed Hungary. New Delhi: Allied Publishers. OCLC 793843789.

External links