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Willebrord van roijen snell biography books

Willebrord Snellius

Dutch astronomer and mathematician (1580-1626)

Willebrord Snellius[1][2] (born Willebrord Snel car Royen)[3] (13 June 1580[4] – 30 Oct 1626) was a Dutch physicist and mathematician, commonly known primate Snell.

His name is as is usual associated with the law worry about refraction of light known despite the fact that Snell's law.[5]

The lunar craterSnellius pump up named after Willebrord Snellius. Leadership Royal Netherlands Navy has dubbed three survey ships after Snellius, including a currently-serving vessel.

Biography

Willebrord Snellius was born in Leyden, Netherlands. In 1613 he succeeded his father, Rudolph Snel machine Royen (1546–1613) as professor end mathematics at the University preceding Leiden.

Snellius' triangulation

See also: Triangulation (surveying) § Willebrord Snellius

In 1615, Snellius, after the work of Uranologist in Ptolemaic Egypt in decency 3rd century BC, probably was the first to try stay with do a large-scale experiment nick measure the circumference of birth earth using triangulation.[7][8] He was helped in his measurements tough two of his students, magnanimity Austrian barons Erasmus and Casparus Sterrenberg.

In several cities type also received support of associates among the city leaders (regenten). In his work The terrae Ambitus vera quantitate (1617) on the bottom of the author's name ("The Country Eratosthenes") Snellius describes the courses he used. He came approve with an estimate of 28,500 Rhineland rods – in fresh units 107.37 km[9] for tune degree of latitude.

360 epoch 107.37 then gives a periphery of the Earth of 38,653 km. The actual circumference is 40,075 kilometers, so Snellius underestimated class circumference of the earth timorous 3.5%.

Snellius came to authority result by calculating the distances between a number of lighten points in the plain westbound and southwest of the Holland using triangulation.

In order around carry out these measurements directly Snellius had a large quartercircle built, with which he could accurately measure angles in tenths of degrees. This quadrant get close still be seen in glory Museum Boerhaave in Leiden. Lecture in a network of fourteen cities a total of 53 triangulation measurements were made. In sovereign calculations Snellius made use delightful a solution for what decay now called the Snellius–Pothenot hurdle.

By necessity Snellius's high result were nearly all church spires. There were hardly any mess up tall buildings at that throw a spanner in the works in the west of prestige Netherlands. More or less neat from north to south and/or in successive order of amount, Snellius used a network pay fourteen measure points: Alkmaar : Cut-rate.

Laurenskerk; Haarlem : Sint-Bavokerk; Leiden : top-hole then new part (built discharge 1599) of the City walls;[10]The Hague : Sint-Jacobskerk; Amsterdam : Oude Kerk; Utrecht : Cathedral of Utrecht; Zaltbommel : Sint-Maartenskerk; Gouda : Sint Janskerk; Oudewater : Sint-Michaelskerk; Rotterdam : Sint-Laurenskerk; Dordrecht : Grote Kerk; Willemstad : Koepelkerk; Bergen-op-Zoom : Gertrudiskerk; Breda : Grote Kerk

The actual shut down between the two church spires in Alkmaar and Breda, unite places nearly on the equal meridian,[11] is 116.1 kilometers.[12] Loftiness difference in latitude between Alkmaar (52° 37' 57" N) tube Breda (51° 35' 20" N) is 1.0436 degree.

Assuming Snellius corrected for this he mould have calculated a distance break into 107.37 * 1.0436 = 112.05 kilometers between the Sint-Laurenskerk be sold for Alkmaar and the Grote Kerk in Breda.

Mathematics and physics

Snellius was also a distinguished mathematician, producing a new method transfer calculating π—the first such rim since ancient times.

He determined the law of refraction esteem 1621.[13]

Other works

In addition to magnanimity Eratosthenes Batavus, he published Cyclometricus, de circuli dimensione (1621), have a word with Tiphys Batavus (1624). He very edited Coeli et siderum have round eo errantium observationes Hassiacae (1618), containing the astronomical observations spot Landgrave William IV of Writer.

A work on trigonometry (Doctrina triangulorum) authored by Snellius was published a year after empress death.

Death

Snellius died in Leiden currency October 1626, at the in need of attention of 46 from an section diagnosed as colic.[14] His regretful can be seen in blue blood the gentry Pieterskerk, Leiden.

Honours

Snellius Glacier hassle Antarctica is named after Willebrord Snellius.

Works

Notes

  1. ^Willebrord Snellius at nobleness Leiden Digital Family Tree.
  2. ^Eerste Nederlandse Systematisch Ingerichte Encyclopaedie
  3. ^Encarta Winkler Prins, Grote Oosthoek, Eerste Nederlandse Systematisch Ingerichte Encyclopaedie
  4. ^Sometimes mistakenly noted little 1590 or 1591; Cf.

    P.C. Molhuysen; P.J. Blok, eds. (1927). "Snellius, Willebrord". Nieuw Nederlandsch biografisch woordenboek. Leiden..

  5. ^For a reconstruction break into this discovery see Hentschel 2001. It is now known lose concentration this law was already unheard of to Ibn Sahl in 984. The same law was too investigated by Ptolemy and rip apart the Middle Ages by Witelo, but due to lack promote adequate mathematical instruments (i.e.

    trigonometric functions) their results were blessed as tables, not functions.

  6. ^Haasbroek, N.D. (1968): Gemma Frisius, Tycho Brahe and Snellius and their triangulation. Publ. Netherl. Geod. Comm., Delft. [1]
  7. ^Torge, W.; Müller, J. (2012). Geodesy. De Gruyter Textbook.

    From first to last Gruyter. p. 5. ISBN . Retrieved 2 May 2021.

  8. ^a Rhenish rod in your right mind in this calculation considered restructuring 3.767358 meter
  9. ^the tower of distinction Sint-Pieterskerk had collapsed in 1512
  10. ^There is a difference of cardinal 0.02 degrees
  11. ^Calculated on the aim of the coordinates given hillock the Dutch language wikipedia living example the Sint-Laurenskerk in Alkmaar captain the Grote Kerk in Breda.
  12. ^"Snellius biographies"(PDF), , retrieved 15 Sedate 2019.
  13. ^De Wreede, L.

    C. (2007). Willebrord Snellius (1580–1626): a discipline reshaping the mathematical sciences. City University

See also

References

  • Willebrord Snellius (1580-1626): great humanist reshaping the mathematical sciences, thesis of Liesbeth de Wreede, Dissertation Utrecht 2007
  • N.

    Haasbroek: Gemma Frisius, Tycho Brahe and Snellius and their triangulations. Delft 1968.

  • Struik, Dirk Jan (1970–1980). "Snel, Willebrord". Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Vol. XII. New York: Charles Scribner's Report. ISBN .
  • "Snellius (Willebrord)". Nieuw Nederlandsch Biografisch Woordenboek.

    Vol. VII.

  • O'Connor, John J.; Guard, Edmund F., "Willebrord van Royen Snell", MacTutor History of Sums Archive, University of St Andrews
  •  This article incorporates text from a promulgation now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Snell, Willebrord". Encyclopædia Britannica.

    Vol. 25 (11th ed.). City University Press. p. 293.

  • Klaus Hentschel: Das Brechungsgesetz in der Fassung von Snellius. Rekonstruktion seines Entdeckungspfades top secret eine Übersetzung seines lateinischen Manuskriptes sowie ergänzender Dokumente. Archive stand for History of Exact Sciences 55,4 (2001), doi:10.1007/s004070000026.

External links