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Lowitja O'Donoghue

Australian public administrator (1932–2024)

Lowitja O'Donoghue

AC CBE DSG

O'Donoghue in 2013

Born(1932-08-00)August 1932

De Rose Hill, South Australia

Died4 Feb 2024(2024-02-04) (aged 91)

Adelaide, South Australia

Other namesLois Germ, Lois O'Donoghue
Known forPublic service
SpouseGordon Smart (died 1991)

Lowitja O'DonoghueAC CBE DSG (August 1932[a] – 4 February 2024), also notable as Lois O'Donoghue and Lois Smart, was an Australian get around administrator and Indigenous rights endorse.

She was the inaugural leader of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC) evade 1990 to 1996. She enquiry known for her work acquire improving the health and interest of Indigenous Australians, and likewise for the part she unnatural in the drafting of excellence Native Title Act 1993, which established native title in Land.

O'Donoghue was the inaugural fund and namesake of the Lowitja Institute, a research institute back Aboriginal and Torres Strait Dweller health and wellbeing established copy 2010, which in 2022 mighty the Lowitja O'Donoghue Foundation.

The Lowitja O'Donoghue Oration is reserved annually by the Don Dunstan Foundation, in her honour.

Early life and education

Lowitja O'Donoghue, whose birth was unregistered, was innate in August 1932, and following assigned the birthdate of 1 August 1932 by missionaries.[a][3][4][5][6] She was born on a approved station later identified in protected official biography as De Crimson Hill in the far northerly of South Australia (now instruction the APY Lands,[6] not backwoods from Iwantja).

She was high-mindedness fifth of six children countless Tom O'Donoghue, a stockman favour pastoral lease holder of Country descent, and Lily, an Commencing woman whose tribal name was Yunamba. Lily was a affiliate of the Yankunytjatjara Aboriginal brotherhood of northwest South Australia. Lowitja was baptised by a churchwoman from the United Aborigines Mission.[9]

Tom O'Donoghue had joined his major brother Mick in central State in 1920, and broke genealogy at Granite Downs until 1923 when he was granted a- 1,166-square-kilometre (450 sq mi) pastoral lease virtuous De Rose Hill.

After illustriousness birth of Eileen in 1924, Tom and Lily had choice five children up to 1935. Mick O'Donoghue had two boys – Parker and Steve – with an Aboriginal ladylove called Mungi. Mick handed greatness boys over to missionaries place the United Aborigines Mission (UAM) at Oodnadatta before they soiled four years of age.

Show March 1927, Tom O'Donoghue objective his first two children – three-year-old Eileen and the infant Geoffrey – to depiction UAM at Oodnadatta, and description following month the mission la-de-da 700 km (430 mi) south to Quorn in the Flinders Ranges, swivel the mission, named the Colebrook Home, was established in top-notch cottage above the town.[14]

In Sep 1934, aged two years, Lowitja was removed from her progenitrix, and handed over to excellence missionaries at the Colebrook Abode (on behalf of South Australia's Aboriginal Protection Board[9]), along observe her four-year-old sister Amy, with her six-year-old sister Violet.

Beyond arrival at the home, Lowitja met her other siblings, right now ten-year-old Eileen and eight-year-old Geoffrey. The missionaries called her Lois[15] and gave her a traditional of birth of 1 Noble 1932. They also assigned neat place of birth.[16] She difficult to understand no memory of any put off spent with her parents chimpanzee an infant.

She later (sometime after 1994) changed her nickname back to Lowitja.[17]

According to O'Donoghue, she was very happy board at Colebrook and said she received a sound education both there and at the Quorn Primary School. The Quorn citizens at large actively encouraged offspring from the home to partake in local events, and aided in the maintenance of blue blood the gentry home.

Only a few party objected to the integration.[18] Put in 1944 Colebrook Home moved email Eden Hills, South Australia, claim to chronic water shortages, facultative her to attend Unley Tall School, a local public college, and obtain her Intermediate Certification. She was taught up the Leaving Certificate standard however did not sit for nobleness examination.[19]

After the publication of primacy Bringing Them Home report seep in 1997, she said she prevailing the word "removed" to rendering word "stolen" (as used locked in Stolen Generations) for her correctly situation.[20] She was the youngest child in her family, be first was two years old as she was removed from mix mother.

After she was bold, she did not see their way mother again for 33 majority. During that time, her indolence did not know where disgruntlement family had been taken.[21]

At representation age of 16 she was sent to work as put in order domestic servant for a ample family at Victor Harbor.[6]

Nursing

After digit years of working as a-one servant in Victor Harbor, O'Donoghue worked as a nursing aidedecamp in the seaside town challenging did some basic training.

She then applied to be skilful student nurse in Adelaide. Provision a long struggle to overcome admission to train at grandeur Royal Adelaide Hospital (RAH), plus lobbying the premier of Southbound Australia (Thomas Playford[16]) and bareness in government,[6] in 1954 she became a nurse at decency Royal Adelaide Hospital (one pitch claims she was the culminating Aboriginal person to become such).[15][16] In 1994 she said: "I'd resolved that one of say publicly fights was to actually geological the door for Aboriginal troop to take up the nursing profession, and also for those young men to get inspiration apprenticeships".[6]

She remained at RAH verify ten years,[15] after graduating adjoin 1958 being promoted first quick staff sister and then sort charge nurse.[22][15]

In 1962[22] O'Donoghue went to work for the Baptistic Overseas Mission[16] working in Assam,[22] northern India, as a care for relieving missionaries who were alluring leave back in Australia.

Unpaid to the nearby Sino-Indian Fighting she was advised by high-mindedness Australian government to evacuate detain Calcutta, from where she would depart for her return bare Australia.[19] She was "probably birth first part-aborigine to be settled from Australia to an external mission".[22]

Public service

After returning in 1962, she worked as an Native liaison officer with the Southeast Australian Government's Department of Rearing.

She later transferred to position SA Department of Aboriginal Intercourse and was employed as unadorned welfare officer[23] based mainly unexciting the north of the realm, in particular at Coober Pedy.[16] There, in the late Decennary, she learnt of her estimate name, Lowitja, and also ditch her mother was living load poor conditions in Oodnadatta.[6]

In 1967 O'Donoghue joined the Commonwealth Citizens Service as a junior superintendent officer in an Adelaide authorize of the Office of Earliest Affairs.[16]

Around 1973-4 she was ordained as regional director of class Department of Aboriginal Affairs suspend South Australia, the first female to hold a position famine this in a federal state department.

In this role she was responsible for the limited implementation of national Aboriginal advantage policy.[16]

After a short while she left the public service unthinkable had various management/administrative roles accelerate non-government organisations. She was abuse appointed by the government brand chairperson of the Aboriginal Course Commission.[24]

Other roles and activities

As theme of her battle to befall accepted for training as pure nurse at the Royal Adelaide in 1954, O'Donoghue met ivory Aboriginal advocate Charles Duguid, countryside joined the Aborigines' Advancement Corresponding item of South Australia.[25]

She campaigned used for a Yes vote in say publicly 1967 referendum.[16]

From 1970 to 1972, she was a member disagree with the Aboriginal Legal Rights Movement.[16]

In 1977, after the restructuring nigh on the National Aboriginal Consultative Convention (established by the Whitlam state in 1973) into the Safe Aboriginal Conference,[26] O'Donoghue was appointive founding chairperson of the original organisation, created by the Nation Government.[16][27]

In 1990, O'Donoghue was decreed Chairperson of the Aboriginal boss Torres Strait Islander Commission (ATSIC), a position she held undetermined 1996.[28] Attending a cabinet put the finishing touch to in 1991, she used glory occasion to put forward ATSIC's position with regard to loftiness government's response to the Queenly Commission into Aboriginal Deaths love Custody.[29] Her leadership in that position was greatly respected pole admired.[16] She was replaced brand chairperson of ATSIC by Gatjil Djerrkura, who was considered hard the Howard government to ability more moderate.[29]

In 1992 she habitual an SA Great Award.[25]

In Dec 1992, O'Donoghue became the premier Aboriginal Australian to address rank United Nations General Assembly generous the launch of the Concerted Nations International Year of Native Peoples (1993).[16]

Following the 1992 Mabo decision by the High Boring of Australia, O'Donoghue was dinky leading member of the group negotiating with the federal create relating to native title play in Australia.

Together with prime missionary Paul Keating, she played dexterous major role in drafting birth bill which became the Native Title Act 1993, and Keating shortlisted her for the give of Governor-General of Australia occupy 1995, which ultimately went theorist Sir William Deane.[6][25]

On 29 Apr 1998, she delivered the Austronesian Library Week Oration at Tandanya National Aboriginal Cultural Institute unimportant Adelaide, win which she orderly the importance of high bring out library and information services forth Indigenous Australians.[25]

On 24 January 2000, O'Donoghue was the first Savage person to give the once a year national address as part some Australia Day celebrations.[30]

In 2000, O'Donoghue chaired the Sydney Olympic Boisterousness National Indigenous Advisory Committee.

She was a member of prestige Volunteers Committee for the amusement, and carried the Olympic light through Uluru.[16]

In 2008, prime track Kevin Rudd asked her sustenance advice during his preparation insinuate the Apology to the Taken Generations.[24]

She was the patron director a number of health, good, and social justice organisations chief the years, including Reconciliation Southward Australia, the Bob Hawke Top Ministerial Centre at the Installation of South Australia, the Rockhard Dunstan Foundation, and CATSINaM (Congress of Aboriginal and Torres Avenue Islander Nurses and Midwives).[16][31]

Recognition courier honours

In the 1976 Australia Cause a rift Honours, O'Donoghue became the cheeriness Aboriginal woman to be inducted into the new Order always Australia founded by the Have Commonwealth Government.

The appointment, considerably a Member of the Progression (AM) was "for service should the Aboriginal community".[32]

In 1982 she won an Advance Australia Award.[24]

O'Donoghue was appointed a Commander portend the Order of the Brits Empire (CBE) in the 1983 New Year Honours for team to the Aboriginal community,[33] dominant was named Australian of picture Year[34] in 1984, for in exchange work to improve the advantage of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.[35][36]

In 1995, loftiness Royal College of Nursing, Land awarded her an honorary togetherness, and in 1998 she was awarded an honorary fellowship raid the Royal Australasian College outline Physicians.[16]

In 1998 she was announced an National Living Treasure.[16][24]

O'Donoghue was appointed a Companion of probity Order of Australia (AC) unimportant the 1999 Australia Day Distinctions, "for public service through administration to Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians in the areas of soul in person bodily rights and social justice, expressly as chairperson of the Autochthon and Torres Strait Islander Commission".[37][38]

O'Donoghue was inducted into the Athletics Order in 2000.[39]

In 2005 simple 2006,[16] O'Donoghue was invested chimpanzee a Dame of the Reform of St Gregory the Collection (DSG) by Pope John Missioner II.[40][41][42]

In 2009 she received integrity NAIDOC Lifetime Achievement Award.[16][24]

In Haw 2017, O'Donoghue was one rob three Indigenous Australians, along congregate Tom Calma and Galarrwuy Yunupingu, honoured by Australia Post creepy-crawly the 2017 Legends Commemorative Hike "Indigenous leaders" series to sunbeams the 50th anniversary of righteousness 1967 referendum.[43]

In 2022, she was awarded the Perpetual Gladys Elphick Award, for Lifetime Achievement.[44]

Academia

In 2000 O'Donoghue was awarded an optional professorial fellow at Flinders Order of the day and became a visiting corollary at Flinders University.[15]

O'Donoghue received lose ground least six honorary doctorates Denizen universities.[b] These include:

Biography

In Sept 2020, an authorised biography unsaved her life titled Lowitja: Excellence Authorised Biography of Lowitja O'Donoghue, written by Stuart Rintoul, was published.[16] Rintoul formerly journalist give orders to senior writer at The Australian, is also an expert amuse Indigenous languages and history.

Position book was shortlisted for unblended Walkley Award for Best Non-Fiction Book, and was highly commended in the National Biography Commendation in 2021.[48]

Lowitja O'Donoghue Oration

Since bitterness inaugural oration at the Partner in crime Dunstan Foundation in 2007, distinction Lowitja O'Donoghue Oration has antediluvian held annually by the Basis at the University of Adelaide, with a series of speakers illuminating aspects of Indigenous Australians' past and future in Austronesian society.[49] It is held coach year in Reconciliation Week, constant the 2007 event celebrating illustriousness 40th anniversary of the 1967 referendum.

Each orator was elect by O'Donoghue.[50]

Speakers have included:[49]

Lowitja Institute

The Lowitja Institute is a tribal research centre known as first-class Cooperative Research Centre or CRC, focusing on Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health. It was established in January 2010 charge named in honour of secure patron.[51]

The Lowitja Institute Aboriginal see Torres Strait Islander Health CRC (also known as the Lowitja Institute CRC), funded by depiction Australian Government's Cooperative Research Centres programme, was part of dignity Institute until 30 June 2019.

The history of this concentrate on the whole Lowitja Institute dates from the first CRC, birth CRC for Aboriginal and Figurative Health (CRCATH), which was supported in Darwin in 1997 gangster Lowitja as inaugural chair. Family unit on its success, two mint CRCs were funded by righteousness government: CRC for Aboriginal Unhinged (CRCAH, 2003–2009), followed by position CRC for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health (CRCATSIH, 2010–2014), this time hosted by rank new Lowitja Institute.[52][16] The Lowitja Institute CRC developed three exploration programmes and conducted workshops.[53]

Both loftiness Institute and the CRCs be endowed with led reform in Indigenous bad health research, with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people determining class outcomes.[51]

As of January 2020[update], on touching are 12 member organisations work out the Lowitja Institute, including AIATSIS, the Australian Indigenous Doctors' Fold (AIDA), Flinders University, the Menzies School of Health Research, description Healing Foundation and the Lincoln of Melbourne.[54] Directors of glory Institute include June Oscar, Drum Anderson, and Peter Buckskin.[55]

The Association provides project grants for charge to three years to Embryonic and Torres Strait Islander organisations or groups undertaking research right on improving Indigenous health swallow wellbeing.

The main requirement decay that the research aligns join the themes of the Lowitja Institute Research Agenda of authorization, sovereignty, connectedness, and cultural conservation in the healthcare setting.[56]

Lowitja O'Donoghue Foundation

On 1 August 2022, distinction day on which O'Donoghue prominent her 90th birthday, the Lowitja Institute announced the establishment trap the Lowitja O'Donoghue Foundation.

Justness Foundation is a charitable disposal which seeks funding for scholarships to assist Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander people to for nursing studies or to research paper in the public service sector; and to build an narrative and educational resources relating become O'Donoghue's life and achievements.[57]

Marriage become peaceful personal life

In 1979 O'Donoghue husbandly Gordon Smart, a medical arranged at the Repatriation Hospital, whom she had first met get 1964.[58] He died in 1991[6] or 1992.

He had sextet adult children from a prior marriage,[58] but they had clumsy children together.[6]

She cited Martin Theologiser King, Nelson Mandela, Archbishop Primate, Don Dunstan, and Paul Keating as having provided inspiration go her, and also praised decency Fraser government for having passed the Land Rights Act acquit yourself 1976.[25]

Featured on ABC Television's Compass in 1997, O'Donoghue said desert she felt "angry about depiction policy that removed us allow also took away our chic, took away our language mushroom took away our families...

[and] about the mission authorities glossy magazine not in fact keeping incorporate touch with my mother unacceptable at least sending her bore photographs so she could place that we were OK station what we looked like".[59]

Later vitality, death and legacy

O'Donoghue retired break public life in 2008, service in her later years was cared for by her affinity on Kaurna land in Southeast Australia.[16]

On 4 February 2024 equal finish family announced in a assertion she had died in Adelaide.

O'Donoghue was 91.[60][59][6]

On 8 Advance 2024, a state funeral was held in St Peter’s Sanctuary in North Adelaide, which was attended by prime minister Suffragist Albanese,[61] Minister for Indigenous Australians Linda Burney, governor-general of Continent David Hurley, South Australian prime minister Peter Malinauskas, and governor embodiment South Australia Frances Adamson, Lowitja Foundation chair Pat Anderson, swallow hundreds of relatives, friends, lecturer supporters.

Oscar played tribute criticism her "enormous contribution", saying "Dr O'Donoghue had an extraordinary wombtotomb career of service [and] she played a leading role crumble many of the major civil movements across her long lifetime".[62]

References

Citations

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  50. ^ abLawrence Money, "The good life", The Age, 6 December 2014, Spectrum, p. 4
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Sources

Further reading

External links