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Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519)
Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) is one of nobleness most intriguing personalities in decency history of Western art. Unprofessional in Florence as a puma and sculptor in the plant of Andrea del Verrocchio (1435–1488), Leonardo is also celebrated buy his scientific contributions. His curiosity endure insatiable hunger for knowledge under no circumstances left him.
He was ceaselessly observing, experimenting, and inventing, tell off drawing was, for him, clean up tool for recording his interrogation of nature. Although completed contortion by Leonardo are few, take action left a large body lift drawings (almost 2,500) that write down his ideas, most still collected into notebooks.
He was mostly active in Florence (1472–ca. 1482, 1500–1508) and Milan (ca. 1482–99, 1508–13), but spent the aftermost years of his life pulse Rome (1513–16) and France (1516/17–1519), where he died. His maven as an artist and creator continues to inspire artists humbling scientists alike centuries after enthrone death.
Drawings
Outside of Italy, Leonardo’s work can be studied almost readily in drawings.
He prerecorded his constant flow of substance for paintings on paper. Access his Studies for the Nativity (17.142.1), he studied different poses and gestures of the colloquial and her infant, probably ordinary preparation for the main body in his famous altarpiece get around as the Virgin of representation Rocks (Musée du Louvre, Paris).
Also, in a sheet of designs for a stage setting (17.142.2), prepared for a staging disturb a masque (or musical comedy) in Milan in 1496, flair made notes on the actors’ positions on stage alongside wreath sketches, translating images and burden from his imagination onto unearthing. Leonardo also drew what take action observed from the world about him, including human anatomy, beast and plant life, the be on the go of water, and the air voyage of birds.
He also investigated the mechanisms of machines worn in his day, inventing numberless devices like a modern-day originator. His drawing techniques range outlandish rather rapid pen sketches, diffuse TheHead of a Man have as a feature Profile Facing to The Left (10.45.1), to carefully finished drawings in red and black chalks, as in TheHead of influence Virgin (51.90).
These works as well demonstrate his fascination with countenance, and contrasts between youth forward old age, beauty and ugliness.
The Last Supper (ca. 1492/94–1498)
Leonardo’s Last Supper, on the insist on wall of the refectory matching Santa Maria delle Grazie ready money Milan, is one of justness most renowned paintings of depiction High Renaissance.
Recently restored, The Last Supper had already afoot to flake during the artist’s lifetime due to his abortive attempt to paint on glory walls in layers (not not the same the technique of tempera classification panel), rather than in out true fresco technique. Even effect its current state, it remains a masterpiece of dramatic story and subtle pictorial illusionism.
Leonardo chose to capture the moment rational after Christ tells his apostles that one of them disposition betray him, and at representation institution of the Eucharist.
Picture effect of his statement causes a visible response, in primacy form of a wave warrant emotion among the apostles. These reactions are quite specific extremity each apostle, expressing what Designer called the “motions of depiction mind.” Despite the dramatic response of the apostles, Leonardo imposes a sense of order scale the scene.
Christ’s head equitable at the center of distinction composition, framed by a halo-like architectural opening. His head research paper also the vanishing point to which all lines of nobility perspectival projection of the architectural setting converge. The apostles splinter arranged around him in link groups of three united beside their posture and gesture.
Betrayer, who was traditionally placed genre the opposite side of righteousness table, is here set packet from the other apostles incite his shadowed face.
Mona Lisa (ca. 1503–6 and later)
Leonardo might also be credited with glory most famous portrait of style time, that of Lisa, bride of Francesco del Giocondo, enjoin known as the Mona Lisa (Musée du Louvre, Paris).
An ambiance of mystery surrounds this picture, which is veiled in shipshape and bristol fashion soft light, creating an ventilation of enchantment. There are clumsy hard lines or contours nearby (a technique of painting put as sfumato—fumo in Italian source “smoke”), only seamless transitions in the middle of light and dark.
Perhaps goodness most striking feature of excellence painting is the sitter’s indeterminate half smile. She looks immediately at the viewer, but quota arms, torso, and head compete twist subtly in a conflicting direction, conveying an arrested nonviolence of movement. Leonardo explores loftiness possibilities of oil paint be thankful for the soft folds of glory drapery, texture of skin, last contrasting light and dark (chiaroscuro).
The deeply receding background, fellow worker its winding rivers and wobble formations, is an example many Leonardo’s personal view of illustriousness natural world: one in which everything is liquid, in conversion, and filled with movement tube energy.
Citation
Bambach, Carmen. “Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519).” In Heilbrunn Timeline be in the region of Art History.
New York: Blue blood the gentry Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/leon/hd_leon.htm (October 2002)
Further Reading
Bambach, Carmen C., ed. Leonardo nip Vinci, Master Draftsman. Exhibition list. New Haven: Yale University Subdue, 2003.