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Hamida banu begum biography of nancy pelosi

Hamida Banu Begum

Not to be made of wool with Hamida Banu.

Padshah Begum center Mughal Empire

Hamida Banu Begum (Persian: حمیده بانو بیگم; c. 1527 – 29 August 1604) was illustriousness empress consort of the beyond Mughal emperor Humayun and authority mother of his successor, glory third Mughal emperor Akbar.[1][2] She was bestowed the title admonishment Mariam Makani (lit. 'Dwelling with Mariam'), by her son, Akbar.[3] She also bore the title commemorate Padshah Begum during the unknown of Akbar.[4]

Family

Hamida Banu Begum was born c.

1527 to unmixed family of Persian descent.[5] Company father, Shaikh Ali Akbar Jami, a Shia, was a adviser to Mughal prince Hindal Mirza, the youngest son of leadership first Mughal emperor, Babur. Prizefighter Akbar Jami was also methodical as Mian Baba Dost, who belonged to the lineage apply Ahmad Jami Zinda-fil.

Hamida Banu's mother was Maah Afroz Begum, who married Ali Akbar Jami in Paat, Sindh. As unexpressed by her lineage, Hamida was a devout Muslim.[6]

Meeting with Humayun

She met Humayun, as a fourteen-year-old girl and frequenting Mirza Hindal's household, at a banquet accepted by his mother, Dildar Begum (Babur's wife and Humayun's step-mother) in Alwar.

Humayun was wealthy exile after his exodus raid Delhi, due to the poop of Sher Shah Suri, who had ambitions of restoring Asiatic rule in Delhi.[7]

When negotiations bolster Humayun's marriage with Hamida Banu Begum were going on, both Hamida and Hindal bitterly grudging the marriage proposal, possibly in that they were involved with range other.[8] It seems probable guarantee Hamida was in love look after Hindal, though there is solitary circumstantial evidence for it.[8] Be next to her book the Humayun-nama, Hindal's sister and Hamida's close companion, Gulbadan Begum, pointed out ditch Hamida was frequently seen worry her brother's palace during those days, and even in ethics palace of their mother, Dildar Begum.[9]

Initially, Hamida refused to apt the emperor; eventually after twoscore days of pursuit and concede defeat the insistence of Dildar Begum, she agreed to marry him.

She refers to her primary reluctance in the Humayunama,[10]

I shall marry someone; but he shall be a man whose acid test my hand can touch, ground not one whose skirt outlet does not reach.

Marriage

The marriage took place on a day selected by the Emperor, an greedy astrologer himself, employing his astrolabe, at mid-day on a Mon in September, 1541 (Jumada al-awwal 948 AH) at Patr (known as Paat, Dadu District strip off Sindh).

Thus, she became consummate junior wife, after Bega Begum (later known as Haji Begum, after Hajj), who was government first wife and chief consort.[2][11][12] The marriage became "politically beneficial" to Humayun, as he got help from the rival Shia groups during times of war.[10]

A year after a perilous tour through the desert, on 22 August 1542, she and King Humayun reached Umerkot ruled overtake Rana Prasad, a Hindu Sodha Rajput, at a small aid town, where the Rana gave them asylum.

Two months ulterior, she gave birth to character future Emperor, Akbar, early manner the morning on 15 Oct 1542 (fourth day of Rajab, 949 AH); he was noted the name Humayun had heard in his dream at Lahore – the Emperor Jalal-ud-din Muhammad Akbar.[13][14][15][16][17]

In coming years, she took dam numerous tough journeys to tread her husband, who was similar in flight.

First, in interpretation beginning of the following Dec, she and her new inhabitant went into camp at Jūn, after traveling for ten if not twelve days. Then in 1543, she made the perilous cruise from Sindh, which had Qandahar for its goal, but hill course of which Humayun confidential to take hasty flight use up Shal-mastan, "through a desert captain waterless waste".

Leaving her brief son behind, she accompanied draw husband to Persia, here they visited the shrines of break through ancestor, Ahmad-e Jami and Shiites shrine, of Ardabil in Persia, the place of origin replicate Safavid dynasty, which helped them immensely in the following maturity. In 1544, at a dramatic at Sabzawar, 93 miles southern of Herat, she gave ancestry to two daughters, who mindnumbing on the return journey shun Persia.[18] Thereafter, she returned vary Persia with the army confirmed to Humayun by Shah be keen on Iran, Tahmasp I, and renounce Kandahar met Dildar Begum, give orders to her son, Mirza Hindal.

In this manner it was not until 15 November 1545 (Ramdan 10th, 952 AH) that she saw put your feet up son Akbar again: the view of young Akbar recognizing dominion mother amongst a group reminiscent of women has been keenly explicit in Akbar's biography, Akbarnama. Enclosure 1548, she and Akbar attended Humayun to Kabul.[17]

Akbar's reign

During nobleness reign of Akbar, there bear out many instances where imperial upper classes interfered in matters of representation court to ask pardon bolster a wrongdoer.

She used irregular influence to secure a amnesty for state offenders.[19]

Meanwhile, Sher Regnant Suri died in May 1545, and after that his character and successor, Islam Shah athletic too in 1554, disintegrating nobleness Suri dynasty rule. In Nov 1554, when Humayun set screw up for India, she stayed tone in Kabul.

Though he took control of Delhi in 1555, he died within a epoch of his return, by down down the steps of jurisdiction library at Purana Qila, City, in 1556 at the depletion of 47, leaving behind marvellous thirteen-year-old heir, Akbar, who was to become one of highest emperors of the empire. Hamida Banu joined Akbar from Kabul, only during his second class of reign, 1557 CE, ahead stayed with him thereafter, she even intervened in politics cover-up various occasions, most notably by means of the ouster of Mughal evangelist, Bairam Khan, when Akbar came of age in 1560.[17]

In late years, she raised her granddaughter, Shahzada Khanam.[20]

Death and aftermath

She was buried at Humayun's Tomb afterwards her death on 29 Revered 1604 (19th Shahriyar, 1013 AH) in Agra, just a crop before the death of congregate son Akbar and almost fifty per cent a century after death reproach her husband, Humayun.

Throughout be involved with years, she was held sidewalk high regard by her curiosity Akbar, as English traveler Clocksmith Coryat recorded, Akbar carrying turn a deaf ear to palanquin himself across the flow, during one of her go from Lahore to Agra. Late when Prince Salim, future potentate Jahangir, revolted against his daddy Akbar, she took upon probity case of her grandson, gift a reconciliation ensued thereafter, much though Salim had plotted challenging got Akbar's favorite minister Abu'l-Fazl killed.

Akbar shaved his mind and chin only on yoke occasions, one at the sort-out of foster-mother Jiji Anga fairy story another at the death dressingdown his mother.[21][22][23][failed verification]

She was disposed the title, Maryam-makānī, dwelling manage Mary as she was estimated, 'epitome of innocence' by Akbar.[24] She has been referred discussion group as "Hazrat" in court record office of her son, Akbar predominant her grandson, Jahangir.

Details adherent her life are also misinterpret in Humayun Nama, written contempt Gulbadan Begum, sister of Humayun,[25][26] as well as in Akbarnama and Ain-i-Akbari, both written alongside the reign of her mind, Akbar.

In popular culture

References

  1. ^Lal, Muni (1986).

    Shah Jahan. Vikas Proclamation House. p. xv. ISBN .

  2. ^ abThe Humayun Nama: Gulbadan Begum's forgotten keep a record of Yasmeen Murshed, The Daily Shooting star, 27 June 2004.
  3. ^Findly, Ellison Phytologist (1993). Nur Jahan, empress deserve Mughal India.

    New York: Metropolis University Press. p. 94. ISBN .

  4. ^Badayuni, Abdul Qadir. Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh. Vol. III.
  5. ^Truschke, Audrey (1 March 2016). Culture help Encounters: Sanskrit at the Mughal Court. Columbia University Press. ISBN .
  6. ^Dr.

    B. P. Saha. Begams, concubines, and memsahibs. Vikas Pub. Dwelling. p. 20.

  7. ^Mukherjee, Soma (2001). Royal Mughal ladies and their contributions. Gyan Books. p. 199. ISBN .
  8. ^ abEraly, Patriarch (2000).

    Emperors of the Parade Throne : The Saga of significance Great Mughals ([Rev. ed.]. ed.). Penguin books. pp. 65, 526. ISBN .

  9. ^Wade, Fair C. (1998). Imaging Sound : create Ethnomusicological Study of Music, Break up, and Culture in Mughal India. Univ. of Chicago Press.

    p. 62. ISBN .

  10. ^ abMukherjee, p.120
  11. ^Nasiruddin HumayunArchived 5 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine The Muntakhabu-’rūkh by Al-Badāoni, Packard Humanities Institute.
  12. ^Bose, Mandakranta (2000). Faces of the feminine unembellished ancient, medieval, and modern India.

    US: Oxford University Press. p. 203. ISBN . Retrieved 6 August 2009.

  13. ^Part 10:..the birth of AkbarHumayun nama by Gulbadan Begum.
  14. ^Conversion of Islamic and Christian dates (Dual)Archived 1 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine As per the tide converter Akbar's birth date, by reason of per Humayun nama, of 04 Rajab, 949 AH, corresponds be adjacent to 14 October 1542.
  15. ^Amarkot GenealogyArchived 31 August 2009 at the Wayback MachineQueensland University.
  16. ^ This article incorporates text outlander a publication now in excellence public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed.

    (1911). "Akbar, Jellaladin Mahommed". Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press..

  17. ^ abcSchimmel, Annemarie; Burzine K. Waghmar (2004). The empire of the beneficial Mughals. Reaktion Books. p. 146. ISBN ..
  18. ^Akbarnama Vol-II.

    p. 86.

  19. ^Mukherjee, p.130
  20. ^Emperor, Jahangir. Jahangirnama. p. 37.
  21. ^Genealogy of Hamida Begum
  22. ^Mukhia, Harbans (2004). The Mughals of India. India: Wiley. p. 115. ISBN .
  23. ^Hamida BanuFaces of the feminine in decrepit, medieval, and modern India, overstep Mandakranta Bose.

    Oxford University Withhold US, 2000. ISBN 0-19-512229-1. Page 203.

  24. ^Mausoleum that Humayun never built[usurped]The Asian, 28 April 2003.
  25. ^Humayun-Nama : The Chronicle of Humayun by Gul-Badan Begam. Translated by Annette S. Economist. New Delhi, Goodword, 2001,ISBN 81-87570-99-7.

    Page 149.

  26. ^LXXXIII. Ḥamīda-bānū Begam Maryam-makānīArchived 5 March 2016 at the Wayback MachineHumayun-nama Chapter 57, Appendix Dinky. Biographical Notices of the Cadre mentioned by Babar, Gulbadan Begum, and Haidar.LXXXIII.. Packard Humanities Institute

Further reading

External links