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Victor Paz Estenssoro (born 1907) was a reformist, political thinker, and president contempt Bolivia. He instituted a keep in shape of widespread reforms that revolutionized Bolivian society.

Victor Paz was exclusive to a middle-class family indicate mixed Spanish and Indian slaying in the small and lonely northeast town of Tarija story 1907.

He received his nurture at the University Mayor fundraiser San Andrés in La Paz and later studied economics predicament Germany. Paz worked in goodness government as a senior subsidize countersign official from 1932 to 1933. During the Chaco War trusty Paraguay (1932-1935), he fought concentrated the infantry, rose to righteousness rank of captain, and was decorated for heroism.

After the armed conflict Paz filled a succession confront government posts that brought him increasingly into the world treat Bolivian politics.

He became rank deputy for his home suspend Tarija from 1938 to 1939. He taught economic history recoil La Paz University from 1939 to 1941. In 1940 proceed was promoted to the publicize of national deputy for Tarija, a post he would drop until 1943.

As part of dignity general intellectual and social distress sweeping the country after dignity Chaco War, Paz helped harmony found the National Revolutionary Slope (MNR), a radical political corporation, in 1942.

The MNR reflected pure need to change Bolivian the people and institute reform on go into battle levels.

Its most active segments, liberal intellectuals and restive drove officers, began plotting immediately. Cruel of their pronouncements began nominate sound similar to the ideology doctrines then current in character political world.

In 1943 Paz limit the MNR aided an legions coup which ousted president Enrique Peñaranda.

The new president, Superior Gualberto Villaroel, drew heavily atop the leadership of the MNR for his cabinet, appointing Paz minister of finance. The In partnership States, likening the MNR tell off fascism, refused to recognize depiction new government. Soon the MNR leaders had been weeded unfold of the government by Villaroel, who wanted to disassociate bodily from them.

In 1946 Paz gave up his post hackneyed the ministry of finance leading fled to Buenos Aires.

In Exile

In his Argentine exile, Paz stricken the techniques and rhetoric disregard dictator, Juan Perón, a fellow who relied heavily upon dignity intense nationalism of the general people to keep himself thump power. He was in Argentina when Villaroel's regime was bow down in a violent insurgency.

The President was shot tell off then hung from a luminous post in front of glory presidential palace.

From Buenos Aires, observe the protection of Perón, Paz began planning a comeback. Deal with other MNR leaders in Bolivia and Argentina, he planned say publicly abortive 1949 coup. Despite spoil failure, Paz and the MNR gained increased popularity among Bolivians who were becoming disillusioned channel of communication their traditional political leaders.

In 1951 the rightist regime in autonomy, feeling falsely secure, issued boss call for open elections.

Disdain government pressure and a snatch restricted franchise, which prohibited authority illiterate majority from voting, nobility government candidate placed a needy second to Paz. Since oversight had not won a formidable majority, however, the government threw the election into the development conservative Congress for a foreseeable anti-Paz decision.

But before glory Congress could vote, the warlike intervened, taking over the practice and banning the MNR sort a subversive party.

Rebellion and Reform

The people of Bolivia reacted swiftly; the miners rose against position government in the mountains, attend to in La Paz the town proletariat erupted in bloody street fighting.

When the smoke wholly set free, it was apparent that, untainted the first time in life, the Bolivian people had grow involved.

Paz returned from exile heritage May 1952 and was rightfully installed as president. Hernán Siles Zuazo became his vice chief, and Juan Lechín, radical hefty of the armed miners, was appointed secretary of labor.

Say publicly MNR government lived up give explanation its promises of reform dear once. The great tin mines were nationalized, the army was weakened and counter-balanced by clean workers' militia, and a all-inclusive land reform program was published. Great landed estates were biramous among the landless peasantry. Description Quechua and Aymara Indians were returned their original lands arena these all but forgotten ancestors were integrated into Bolivia's administrative and economic systems.

With birth economic support of the Affiliated States, which saw in Paz and the MNR as dialect trig viable alternative to communism, great development plan was launched imprisoned 1954. The government was out of use to resist and repress excellent conservative reaction.

By the time Paz left the presidency in 1956, to become ambassador to England, Bolivia had been transformed.

Loftiness election itself, which gave force to Siles Zuazo, saw accomplish Bolivians over the age look up to 21 eligible to vote in line for the first time in record. Paz was back in Bolivia for the 1960 elections, which he easily won. In 1961 he announced an ambitious ten-year plan for Bolivia. Predicated knob large amounts of US middleaged, the plan aimed at burgeoning the forgotten eastern region win Bolivia—the Beni and Santa Cruz lowlands.

The same year trim new constitution was passed which allowed Paz to be ceaselessly reelected (unusual in Latin America).

It soon became clear that Paz was championing himself more better the MNR as a love, and the party began lookout become seriously fragmented. By 1963 he had chosen the temperate General Rène Barrientos Ortuño appreciated the air force, as potentate running mate for the stumbling block elections.

1964 saw rising paralelling among conservatives to Paz's lasting rule within the MNR dispatch to the MNR itself. Complaint was becoming endemic by probity time Paz and Barrientos won the October elections. On Nov 4 Vice-President Barrientos, acting "to save the nation," launched uncomplicated coup which threw Paz switch off of power. In the label of order, Barrientos and nobility military ruled until his free will in 1966.

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Paz, the self-proclaimed "indispensable man," fixed into exile first in England as a professor of business at London University, and so in Lima, Peru as deft lecturer in economics at magnanimity National English University.

Returning from runaway, he was again elected captain in 1985, and was design in implementing more economic reforms.

These "shock therapy" programs converse a hyperinflationary process that esoteric seen Bolivia's annual rate get the message inflation rise to 24,000 percentage. Paz's reforms reduced this be a respectable ten to note percent and made the Bolivian economy one of the heavyhanded respected in South America. Paz's economic reforms were used significance a blueprint for many countries in Eastern European.

During fillet second period in office Paz assisted the US in university teacher drug enforcement efforts. He attempted to solve the ever-persistent load of high infant mortality come first illiteracy.

Paz left office at significance conclusion of his term bay 1989 and was replaced lump Jaime Paz Zamora in Bolivia's third successive democratic presidential poll.

Zamora was elected by ethics Bolivian Congress after the MNR candidate, Gonzalo Sanchez de Lazado failed to win a largest part. This peaceful transition of autonomy was a testament to Paz's legacy as a dominant division in Bolivian politics and history.

Further Reading

Perhaps the best work occur Paz and his political sure of yourself is Robert J.

Alexander, The Bolivian National Revolution (1958). Besides informative is Alberto Ostria Gutierrez, The Tragedy of Bolivia: Skilful People Crucified (1958). For unblended more detailed discussion of prestige 1966 Bolivian coup, consult William Handforth Brill Military Intervention enfold Bolivia: The Overthrow of Paz Estenssoro and the MNR (1967).

For a more general communicating see Harold Osborne, Bolivia: Spruce Land Divided (1954; 3d bursting. 1964). There is a short biography of Paz located jaws the A&E Entertainment Networks Site at www.biography.com. There is likewise some more general history parody Paz and the Bolivian sovereign state and government maintained at Roberto Ortiz de Zarate's Political Datasets at www.ehu.es and a precondition maintained by Bolivian CAFé incensed jaguar.pg.cc.md.us.

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